Structural Racism in Health Care Resources

We understand that “structural racism in health care” is a broad topic. Structural racism is a starting point for the discussion and is defined as: a system in which public policies, institutional practices, cultural representations, and other norms work in various, often reinforcing ways to perpetuate racial group inequity. It identifies dimensions of our history and culture that have allowed privileges associated with “whiteness” and disadvantages associated with “color” to endure and adapt over time. Structural racism is not something that a few people or institutions choose to practice. Instead it has been a feature of the social, economic, and political systems in which we all exist. The resources included below is not an exhaustive list and you are encouraged to continue finding your own additional resources and share them with others so that we all continue to learn.

• Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
• Association of American Medical Colleges
• Association of Academic Physiatrists
• Association for Academic Psychiatry
• Association for Academic Surgery
• Association of Directors of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry
• American Academy of Emergency Medicine
• American Academy of Family Physicians
• American Academy of Ophthalmology
• American Association for Community Psychiatry
• American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry
• American Lung Association
• American Psychiatric Association
• American Medical Association
• American Psychiatry Association
• American Psychoanalytical Association
• American Psychological Association
• American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
• American Academy of Neurology
• American Academy of Pediatrics
• American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
• American Association for the Surgery of Trauma
• American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training
• American Association of Neurological Surgeons & Congress of Neurological Surgeons
• American Board of Emergency Medicine
• American Board of Internal Medicine
• American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology
• American College of Cardiology, Association of Black Cardiologists, & The American Heart Association
• American College of Gastroenterology, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American Gastroenterological Association, & American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
• American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
• American College of Physicians
• American College of Rheumatology
• American College of Surgeons
• American Epilepsy Society
• American Nurses Association
• American Osteopathic Association
• Black Psychiatrists of America
• Black Neurosurgeons
• Collective Black Physicians
• Emergency Medicine Residents’ Association
• Mental Health Association in New Jersey, an affiliate of Mental Health America
• National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
• National Medical Association
• National Association of Social Workers
• National Nurses United
• Physicians for a National Health Program
• Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine
• Society for NeuroOncology
• Washington Baltimore Center for Psychoanalysis
• Women in Anesthesiology
• Women of Color in Pharma

• “When COVID-19 Disparities and Racial Injustice Collide” by Megan Brooks | Medscape Medical News (June 16, 2020)
• “The Triple Aim Must Overcome the Triple Threat” by Andy Slavitt | Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) (November 8, 2018)
• ERASE: a New Framework for Faculty to Manage Patient Mistreatment of Trainees by Matthew N. Goldenberg, et al.
• Race Matters?  Examining and Rethinking Race Portrayal in Preclinical Medical Education by Jennifer Tsai, et al.
• Addressing Race, Culture, and Structural Inequality in Medical Education: A Guide for Revising Teaching Cases by Aparna Krishnan, et al.
• Confronting Racial Violence: Resident, Unit, and Institutional Responses by J. Corey Williams, et al.
• Hospitalization and Mortality among Black Patients and White Patients with Covid-19 by Eboni G. Price-Haywood, et al.
• Evaluation of racial and socioeconomic disparities in medication pricing and pharmacy access and services by Marie A. Chisholm-Burns, et al.
• Pharmacotherapeutic disparities: Racial, ethnic, and sex variations in medication treatment by Elizabeth A. Hall-Lipsy, et al.
• APA: Racism and Black Mental Health Learning Module (free CME)
• Boston University Racial Trauma Toolkit
• NYU The Trauma of Racism
• Affirmative Care Across Cultures: Broadening Application by Natasha S. Mendoza, et al
• “Structural Competency Meets Structural Racism: Race, Politics, and the Structure of Medical Knowledge” by Jonathan M. Metzl and Dorothy E. Roberts | AMA Journal of Ethics (September 2014)

• “Why Black doctors like me are leaving faculty positions in academic medical centers” by Uché Blackstock | STAT (January 16, 2020)
• “When Alternate Universes Collide: Facing Racial Battle Fatigue as a Black Medical Student” by Dorothy Charles | in-Training (July 1, 2015)
• “Leaders in Medicine Are Blocking Future Black Doctors” by Shekinah Elmore | Elemental on Medium (June 17, 2020)
• “Market Muscle: Study Uncovers Differences Between Medicare And Private Insurers” by Shefali Luthra | Kaiser Health News (May 9, 2019)
• “Black Doctors Need More Than Demonstrations, They Need Change” by Jessica Gold | Healthcare in Forbes (June 16, 2020)
• “Moral Choices for Today’s Physician” by Donald M. Berwick | Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) (May 5, 2020)
• “A Memoir on Race and Inclusion at Harvard Medical School: We must do better” by Troy Amen | Medium.com (June 16, 2020)
• “Performative Allyship Is Deadly (Here’s What to Do Instead)" by Holiday Phillips | Forge on Medium (May 2020)
• “White Academia: Do Better” by Jasmine Roberts | The Faculty Publication (June 8, 2020)
• “America’s Racial Contract Is Killing Us” by Adam Serwer | Atlantic (May 8, 2020)
• “The Intersectionality Wars” by Jane Coaston | Vox (May 28, 2019)
• Answering White People's Most Commonly Asked Questions about the Black Lives Matter Movement by Courtney Martin (June 1, 2020)
• "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack” by Knapsack Peggy McIntosh
• “Who Gets to Be Afraid in America?” by Dr. Ibram X. Kendi | Atlantic (May 12, 2020)
• “Allies, Don’t Fail Us Again” by Charles M. Blow | NYT (June 7, 2020)
• “Your Black Colleagues May Look Like They’re Okay — Chances Are They’re Not” By Danielle Cadet | Refinery29 (May 28, 2020)
• “Is Your Company Fighting Racism, or Just Talking About It?” by Kira Hudson Banks and Richard Harvey | Harvard Business Review (June 11, 2020)
• “10 Steps To Non-Optical Allyship” by Mireille Cassandra Harper | Thread Reader (May 29, 2020)
• “So You Want to Be a White Ally: Healing from white supremacy” by Caitlin Duffy | Diversity, Equity & Inclusion by Journal of Peak Grantmaking (April 2, 2020)

Books

• White Fragility: Why It’s So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism.
• Race Talk and The Conspiracy of Silence: Understanding and Facilitating Difficult Dialogues on Race
• Confronting Racism: Integrating Mental Health Research Into Legal Strategies and Reforms
• Measuring the Effects of Racism
• White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide
• How To Be An Antiracist
• The Myth of Racial Color Blindness
  
  

Videos

• How Ohio State College of Medicine reduces implicit bias in admissions (3:14)
• Medical Bondage: Race, Gender and the Origins of American Gynecology, by Deirdre Cooper Owens (1:25:09)
• A conversation about racism, health inequities and COVID-19: Denise Herd, Amani Allen, Jason Corburn, Cassie Marshall, Mahasin Mujahid, Osagie Obasogie (59:24)
• AAMC Press Conference: Racism and Health: How and Where to Make Changes (49:57)
• How Studying Privilege Systems Can Strengthen Compassion (18:26)
  
  

General Anti-Racist Resources

• The Harvard Implicit Associate Test (IAT)
• 75 Things White People Can Do for Racial Justice
• 1619 (New York Times)
• About Race
• Code Switch (NPR)
• Intersectionality Matters! hosted by Kimberlé Crenshaw
• Momentum: A Race Forward Podcast
• Seeing White
• Who Belongs from The Othering & Belonging Institute
• Flip the Script by Apple Podcasts